Anmin Mountain is located in the territory of Xiaoanshan Town, about 10 kilometers northeast of Liangshan County, with a basic circular shape, 1 kilometer long from north to south, 0.95 kilometers wide from east to west, and an area of about 1 square kilometer. Because of the low-lying terrain here, in ancient times, the Yellow River, Jinshui, Wenshui three rivers converge here, when the river floods around a lake, only the high places around Xiaoanshan Mountain can be inhabited, so the migrant victims mostly settled here, so the name Anmin Mountain.

However, since the 1960s, with the development of limestone resources, there was no more peace in Anmin Mountain. Especially after the 1990s, limestone mining in Anmin Mountain entered a period of blowout, and numerous quarries and lime quarries emerged overnight on the south and north sides of the mountain. With the continuous expansion of limestone mining scale, Anmin Mountain gradually developed into an important local building materials base at the same time, but also because of the serious lag in ecological protection and gradually fell into the local heart of the problem and the people's pain.

"Although the name of Liangshan County has 'mountain', but the territory of the mountain is not much, in addition to the ancient and modern famous Liang Mountain, Anmin Mountain is more famous mountain." Xiaoanshan Town Party Committee propaganda member, Minister of Armed Forces Liu Zhengyang introduced, according to historical records and expert testimony, Anmin Mountain is one of the birthplace of ancient culture, the old land of the ancient country of Suju. There are more than ten temple buildings and mysterious caves on the mountain, such as Ganluo Temple and Qingyan Temple, and there are Anmin Pavilion, Fuliu Mountain Spring and a large landscape forest under the mountain.

Based on this consideration, in 2010, the quarries and lime quarries on Anmin Mountain were closed down and all mining rights on the mountain were automatically extinguished when they expired. The limestone quarry in Anmin Mountain has thus become an abandoned mine where the subject of governance is lost or unknown due to historical reasons.

Comparison chart before and after restoration

Ecological restoration requires a large amount of real money investment. As an abandoned mine that has lost the main body of management responsibility due to historical reasons, the first thing that can be done is to finance the comprehensive management and ecological restoration of the Anminshan mine.

In the case of tight financial resources, ecological restoration pressure, how can we break the "tricky woman can not cook without rice" dilemma, the town government of small Ansan town focus on the "balance" of land indicators on replacement.

"After the closure and abandonment of many historical mines in Anminshan, a large amount of land resources are available and have been abandoned for many years and have not been developed and used. If these abandoned land resources for comprehensive improvement, can effectively improve the ecological environment, to make up for the lack of local back-up arable land resources, but also to solve the mining ecological restoration funding problems, to achieve the results of three birds with one stone." Liu Zhengyang said.

Xiaoanshan town government to take this deserted land resources into good land, good land for ecological restoration funds model, a good solution to the funding problem. According to statistics, the town in the process of comprehensive improvement of the Anmin Mountain mining area, through the balance of a total of 120 acres of arable land, according to the current land index fee of 100,000 per mu, can supplement 12 million yuan for the mountain re-greening project.

One year after treatment

　　After the financial problem was solved, technical difficulties came one after another. According to the calculation, the total projection area of the mountain treatment in the Anminshan mining area is about 284,192.6 square meters, including 143,720.4 square meters of abandoned mining area and 371,964.5 square meters of exposed slope surface, with an average of about 85° in the high and steep slope area and a maximum slope height of about 130 meters.

　　"Years of disorderly mining in the Anminshan mining area have formed several vertical steep elevations with a maximum vertical height of 130 meters and a slope area of 370,000 square meters, making it difficult and costly to re-green. At the same time, there are also several steep slopes and rock crumbling of dangerous rock bodies in the mine area, which have the potential danger of natural disasters and certain risks in construction." Zhang Bo, general manager of Jiangsu Green Rock Ecological Technology Co., Ltd, which undertook the project of re-greening the mining area of Anminshan, introduced.

　　As we all know, after mining, most of the broken surface of the mountain is destroyed to the sediment layer, and the humus layer and leach layer needed for plant growth are basically missing. Traditional spraying only simulates the humus layer of the original soil layer, easy to form the phenomenon of two layers of skin, resulting in poor soil structure, poor scouring resistance, poor water retention, lack of nutrients, can not provide the plant growth required to stand conditions, so the traditional simple mine ecological restoration is not only high maintenance costs, but also often appear "one year green, two years yellow, three years The situation of "one year green, two years yellow, three years dead".

　　In order to completely change the traditional practice of restoration for the sake of restoration, the company innovates the concept of ecological restoration, upholds the concept of "restoring nature in a natural way", plays its own core restoration technology, and sublimates the ecological restoration of Anminshan mine to the natural restoration of mine ecology. We insist on using the ecosystem's own self-recovery ability to make the ecosystem develop in the direction of a virtuous cycle, so that the damaged ecosystem can gradually recover.

　　"Our company has developed the core technology after years - loam-like substrate technology into the Green Technology Promotion Catalogue (2020), the core of which is to combine engineering, botany, soil science and other disciplines, through bionic technology to quickly simulate the high performance of nature suitable for plant growth loamy soil matrix structure. The structure improves the internal structure and environmental quality of the soil in a relatively short period of time, reshapes the double-layered matrix that cannot grow due to different rock properties, restores and improves the quality level of the soil, and creates conditions for plants to grow and take root on bare rocks." Zhang Bo introduced that the structure is stable and rich in humus, minerals, air, water and organic matter. These substances exist in the form of solid, gaseous and liquid in the soil matrix, interlinked and mutually constrained to provide the necessary growth conditions for plants, giving the most favorable standing conditions for plant growth on high and steep slopes, both biological protection, which can make seeds grow out of the woods on the rock surface without artificial care, and plants grow naturally, with more than 90% similarity to the surrounding natural mountain landscape, near wild state.

　　Although it is already early winter, the ecological restoration of Anmin Mountain is still lush and green. In the layers of terraces beside the sheep intestine path leading to the top of the mountain, the green wheat seedlings and various vegetable crops are bathed in the warm sunshine, and there is no sign of depression at all. What's more surprising is that the barren Anmin Mountain, which originally grew only grass but not trees, miraculously grew a forest in the treatment and rehabilitation area, forming a stark contrast to the primitive mountains with barren grass pavement.

　　"After the completion of the Anminshan mine re-greening project in May 2019, the abandoned mine will resemble the surrounding mountains by more than 95% after treatment. The seeds of trees grow on the rock surface, the cover of woody plants reaches more than 45%, the greening rate of the rock surface reaches more than 95%, no artificial management is needed one year after completion, the plants grow naturally, and no geological disasters such as collapse and landslide occur." Zhang Bo said like a family treasure.

Comparison chart before and after restoration

　In fact, through the re-greening of the mining area of Anminshan, good ecological, economic and social benefits have been achieved, realizing the effect of optimizing the environment, improving the ecology and returning the land to the city. It is understood that after the implementation of the project, the geological disaster potential has been completely removed through the treatment of the mine environment to achieve the safety and stability of the slope, effectively improving the poor ecological environment and guaranteeing the safety of people's lives and properties. And according to the surrounding vegetation, a variety of plants are used to match with each other according to local conditions, so that the slopes after the hillside restoration can not only be coordinated with the surrounding environment, but also achieve the effect of establishing landscape plant communities and rich forestry, and integrate with the original mountain appearance, while achieving the fresh fruit of carbon sink and negative oxygen ion increase. In addition, they have also reclaimed the abandoned land of the mine through the treatment of mining pits, increasing the local land supply index by 14.37 square meters and playing a demonstration role for the utilization of land resources.

　（Chief reporter Wang Qiongjie Correspondent Wen Jing）

（This article was published in China Mining News on December 23, 2021, page 1）

From China Mining News https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/HDrBAib96sfVxtlIwQr9Cw