Recently, the General Office of the CPC Central Committee and the General Office of the State Council issued the "Guidance on the overall promotion of the reform of the property rights system of natural resources assets" (hereinafter referred to as "Opinions"), which clarifies the timetable and roadmap for the overall promotion of the reform of the property rights system of natural resources assets.

　　The property rights system of natural resources assets is an important basic system to strengthen ecological protection and promote the construction of ecological civilization. What is the background for the introduction of the Opinions? What are the basic ideas, principles and objectives of the reform of the property rights system of natural resources assets? What is the task list of the reform? The comrades in charge of the Department of Natural Resources have interpreted this.

　　Significance

　　For the construction of ecological civilization to consolidate the important basic system

　　"The property rights system of natural resources assets is an important basic system to strengthen ecological protection and promote the construction of ecological civilization, which is of great significance to improve the socialist market economy system, maintain social justice and build a beautiful China." The person in charge elaborated the necessity of carrying out the reform of the property rights system of natural resources assets from the requirements of the central government and the realistic needs.

　　The issuance of the Opinions is an important reform task specified by the central government. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that it is necessary to speed up the improvement of the property rights system of natural resources assets, and to coordinate the reform of natural resources assets titling and registration and natural ecological space use control. Premier Li Keqiang stressed the need to carry out a pilot project to improve the national natural resources assets management system and provide a strong institutional guarantee for the construction of ecological civilization. The Third Plenary Session of the 18th Party Central Committee proposed to improve the property rights system of natural resources assets. The Central Committee issued the "overall plan for the reform of the ecological civilization system" proposed to build a property rights system for natural resources assets with clear attribution, clear rights and responsibilities, and effective supervision, and make efforts to solve problems such as the lack of owners of natural resources and blurred ownership boundaries. The work points of the Central Committee for Comprehensively Deepening Reform in 2018 put forward clear requirements for the formulation of the Opinions.

　　The issuance of the Opinions is a practical need to solve the outstanding problems of natural resources assets management. Along with China's economic and social development, China's natural resources assets property rights system has been gradually established, and has played a positive role in promoting the economical and intensive use of natural resources and effective protection. Especially since the 18th Party Congress, in accordance with the central deployment, the reform of the property rights system of natural resources assets has been accelerated. Active exploration has been made in promoting the unified registration of natural resources rights, improving the paid use of natural resources assets, improving the use control of natural resources ecological space and territorial spatial planning, strengthening the protection and restoration of natural resources and conservation and intensive use, while a number of property rights system reforms such as rural collective property rights and forestry rights have been accelerated, resulting in a series of system solutions, standard specifications and pilot experiences.

　　"But objectively, these reforms to explore the coordination is not enough, systemic, holistic and coordination is not enough, there are still some outstanding problems with economic and social development and ecological civilization construction is not compatible, not coordinated." The person in charge confessed that the outstanding problems are mainly manifested in the resource assets base is unclear, cross serious, the owner is not in place, the rights and interests are not implemented, the rights system is not perfect, the rights and responsibilities are not clear, the protection is not strict, the supervision is not enough, the property rights disputes are frequent.

　　"These problems have seriously restricted the rational development, efficient use, strict protection and systematic restoration of natural resource assets. The issuance of "opinions" is to enhance the systemic, holistic and coordinated reform of the property rights system related to natural resources assets, do a good job of the top-level design of the reform of the property rights system of natural resources assets, both integrated and connected to the existing reform of the property rights-related content, but also to identify gaps and strive for innovation, to solve the above-mentioned outstanding problems, so that the property rights system in the construction of ecological civilization to play a more important role. " The person in charge said.

　　Basic ideas

　　Accelerate the construction of natural resource assets property rights system with Chinese characteristics

　　"Opinions" clearly, by 2020, the basic establishment of a clear attribution, clear rights and responsibilities, strict protection, smooth flow, effective supervision of the property rights system of natural resources assets. How to ensure that the reform does not run away, what are the basic ideas, principles and objectives of this reform?

　　The person in charge said that the basic idea of the reform of the property rights system of natural resources assets is to improve the property rights system of natural resources assets as the focus, the implementation of the main body of property rights as the key to the investigation and monitoring and registration of rights as the basis, focus on promoting the intensive development and use of natural resources and ecological protection and restoration, strengthen supervision and management, focus on reform and innovation, and accelerate the construction of a complete system, scientific and standardized, efficient operation of Chinese characteristics The system of property rights of natural resources assets.

　　"This basic idea highlights and strengthens the two key elements of property rights - the rights system and the main body, highlights and strengthens the important basic work of property rights - investigation and monitoring and registration of rights, highlights the property rights system throughout the the whole process of natural resources source protection, process conservation and end restoration."

　　What basic principles should the reform adhere to? The person in charge has interpreted from four aspects.

　　First, adhere to the priority of conservation, intensive use. This is to adhere to the basic national policy of resource conservation and environmental protection, the need to implement the policy of conservation first, protection first, natural restoration-oriented, the purpose is to play the role of the property rights system of natural resources assets in promoting the maximization of economic, social and ecological benefits.

　　Second, adhere to the market configuration, government supervision. This is the need to give full play to the decisive role of the market in the allocation of resources and better play the role of the government. Through the organic combination of the role of the market and the government, efforts to enhance the market allocation of natural resource factors, while strengthening government supervision to promote the rational use of natural resource rights to fulfill the relevant obligations.

　　Third, adhere to the legal rights of property and equal protection. This is the full implementation of the basic strategy of the rule of law, reflecting the requirements of equal protection of property rights. By improving the legal system of property rights of natural resources assets, equal protection of the legitimate rights and interests of all kinds of natural resources assets property rights subjects, in order to better play the property rights system in the construction of ecological civilization incentives and constraints.

　　Fourth, adhere to the law reform, pilot first. This is based on the reform involves many types of resources, links, departments, extensive, comprehensive, complex considerations, but also adhere to the major reforms in the law, adhere to the top-level design and grassroots exploration requirements. Both play a guiding role in the reform of the top-level design, but also to encourage support for local conditions, bold exploration, to provide fresh experience for institutional innovation, to achieve the organic combination of the two, a positive interaction.

　　"By 2020, the basic establishment of a clear attribution, clear rights and responsibilities, strict protection, smooth flow, effective supervision of natural resource assets property rights system." For this goal, the person in charge gave a detailed introduction. Among them, clear attribution refers to all kinds of natural resources assets property rights subject to clear division, clear ownership boundary. Clear rights and responsibilities refers to the rights and responsibilities of all kinds of natural resource assets property rights and use of the main body is clear, and to reflect the protection, use and restoration of the rights and responsibilities of equal. Strict protection means to strengthen the protection and relief of property rights of natural resources assets, and also to strengthen the protection of natural resources assets development and utilization and various natural resources protection areas. Smooth flow means that by improving the rights system of natural resources assets, improving the rights and trading platform, trading rules and service system, etc., the market plays a decisive role in resource allocation and realizes smooth, safe and efficient transactions. Effective supervision means timely and comprehensive supervision and management of the property rights of natural resources assets, the whole process of development, utilization and protection and restoration of natural resources assets by playing the role of supervision in many aspects.

　　Main Tasks

　　Consolidate nine tasks to ensure that the reform is effective on the ground

　　The "Opinions" clearly defined nine specific tasks, how to grasp the main points of these tasks, the person in charge of a detailed elaboration.

　　--Sound property rights system for natural resources assets. This is the focus of the reform. For the natural resources assets rights cross overlapping, missing and imperfect rights and other issues, "Opinions" proposed to promote the separation of ownership and use of natural resources assets, accelerate the construction of a scientific classification of natural resources assets property rights system, deal with the relationship between ownership and use of natural resources assets, innovative forms of ownership and collective ownership of natural resources assets for all. With regard to land, implement the "separation of ownership, contracting rights and management rights" of contracted land, carry out shareholding and mortgage of management rights, explore the "separation of ownership, qualification and use rights" of residential bases, and accelerate the separation of above-ground, surface and underground rights of construction land. In terms of minerals, explore and study the system of unified rights for oil and gas exploration and mining, strengthen the connection between the granting of prospecting rights and mining rights and related planning, reasonably extend the validity period of prospecting rights and the renewal and retention periods according to the laws of different mineral species and geological work in different exploration stages, set the validity period and renewal period of mining rights according to the scale of mineral resources reserves, clarify the mining rights according to the law, and improve the validity period of prospecting rights. Mortgage rights, improve prospecting rights, mining rights and land use rights interface mechanism; marine, explore the right to use the sea three-dimensional layered set of rights, accelerate the improvement of the right to use the sea transfer, transfer, mortgage, lease for capital (shares) and other rights, the construction of property rights system of uninhabited islands, the pilot exploration of the right to use uninhabited islands transfer, lease and other rights; improve the system of water and beach breeding rights, clear rights according to law, to Allow the transfer and mortgage, rationalize the rights of water and beach farming and the right to use the sea city, land contract management rights, the right to take water and groundwater, geothermal water, mineral water mining rights.

　　-- Clarify the subject of property rights of natural resources assets. This is the key to reform. For natural resources assets property rights subject provisions are not clear, the owner of the main body is not in place, the owner's rights and interests are not implemented, because the main body of property rights is unclear, resulting in "tragedy of the commons", unreasonable revenue distribution mechanism and other issues, "Opinions" proposed to study the establishment of the State Council department in charge of natural resources to exercise ownership of all natural resources assets of the resource list and management system. Explore the establishment of the list of resources and supervision and management system entrusted to the provincial and municipal (local) government agents to exercise ownership of natural resources assets. Improve the system for managing the proceeds of natural resource assets owned by the whole nation, and reasonably adjust the proportion of proceeds distribution and expenditure structure between the central and local governments. Promote the confirmation of ownership rights of natural resource assets owned by rural collectives, implement the special legal person status of rural collective economic organizations in accordance with the law, clarify that natural resource assets owned by rural collectives are exercised by rural collective economic organizations on behalf of the collective, enhance the management and operation of natural resource assets owned by rural collectives, and members of rural collective economic organizations enjoy legitimate rights and interests in natural resource assets. Ensure that natural persons, legal persons and unincorporated organizations and other types of market players are equal in the use of natural resources assets, open, fair and equitable participation in market competition, and equally protected by law.

　　-- Carry out unified investigation, monitoring and evaluation of natural resources. This is an important basic work of reform. For a long time, due to the sub-sectoral management of natural resources, the definition of various types of natural resources, classification, survey and evaluation standards, different cycles, etc., resulting in some natural resources base is unclear, and even cross statistics. In response to the above-mentioned problems, "Opinions" proposed "three unified", namely, unified natural resource classification standards, unified natural resource survey monitoring and evaluation system, unified organization and implementation of the national natural resource survey. At the same time, the establishment of "two systems, a mechanism", namely, natural resource assets accounting and evaluation system, natural resources dynamic monitoring system, natural resources survey monitoring and evaluation information release and sharing mechanism.

　　--Speed up the unified natural resources rights registration. This is also an important basic work of reform. In response to the problems of non-uniform standards and norms, unclear resource home base, lack of resource subjects, vague boundaries and unclear ownership, the Opinions propose to summarize the pilot experience of unified natural resource rights registration, improve the methods and rules of rights registration, focus on promoting the rights registration of national parks and other types of nature reserves, key state-owned forest areas, wetlands, and important ecological spaces of large rivers, and register all natural resource assets owned by all people Ownership on behalf of the exercise of the main body registered as the State Council department in charge of natural resources, and gradually achieve full coverage of natural resource rights registration, clearly define the property rights of all types of natural resource assets in all national spaces, delineate the boundaries of ownership and use rights of all types of natural resource assets, establish and improve the registration information management infrastructure platform, and enhance the capacity and level of public services.

　　-- Strengthen the overall protection of natural resources. This is an important goal of the reform. In response to the problems of uncoordinated planning, weak planning control, fragmented ecological restoration and protection, and unsound ecological protection compensation mechanisms caused by past sub-sectoral management, the Opinions propose to prepare and implement national spatial planning, delineate and strictly adhere to control lines such as ecological protection red line, permanent basic farmland, urban development boundary, establish and improve the national spatial use control system, management norms and technical standards, the national spatial Implement unified control, strengthen the overall protection of mountains, water, forests, fields, lakes and grasses. Strengthen the integration of land and sea, based on the coastline, coordinate the preparation of coastal zone development and protection planning, strengthen the use control, except for major national strategic projects, completely stop the approval of new reclamation projects. For ecological function important public welfare natural resource assets, accelerate the construction of national parks as the main body of the nature reserve system. Explore the establishment of government-led, corporate and social participation, market-oriented operation, sustainable ecological protection compensation mechanism, reasonable compensation for the right to perform the obligations of natural resource asset protection. Improve the system of natural resource assets concessions in nature reserves, etc., and build an ecological economic system with industrial ecology and ecological industrialization as the mainstay. Solve the problem of reasonable withdrawal of prospecting rights, mining rights, water extraction rights, rights to aquaculture and fishing in waters and beaches, and concessions in nature reserves in accordance with the law and regulations.

　　-- Promote the intensive exploitation of natural resource assets. This is also an important goal of the reform. For the natural resource assets price formation mechanism is not sound, the market allocation of resources is difficult to give full play to the decisive role, part of the natural resource assets paid use system is not sound, the natural resource assets market flow is not smooth, "Opinions" proposed both to improve the price formation mechanism to expand the competitive offer, play the decisive role of the market allocation of resources, but also through the total amount and intensity control, better play Government control role. Deeply promote the reform of the system of paid use of natural resources assets owned by all people, and accelerate the introduction of state-owned forest resources assets and grassland resources assets paid use system reform program. Comprehensively promote the competitive granting of mining rights, and adjust the approval of prospecting and mining rights related to competitive granting. Improve the property rights system of water resources assets, determine reasonable development and utilization control objectives according to the ecological and environmental characteristics of the watershed and the needs of economic and social development, make efforts to change the situation of divided management and comprehensive development, and implement unified supervision of the development and utilization of water resources and water energy resources in the watershed. Improve the natural resource asset classification price assessment system and asset audit system. Improve the standard system of natural resources assets development and utilization and industrial access policy, and make the level of natural resources assets development and utilization and ecological protection requirements an important factor in selecting the user and incorporate them into the concession contract. Coordinate and promote the construction of a trading platform and service system for natural resources assets to promote smooth flow, safe transactions and efficient utilization of natural resources assets.

　　-- Promote systematic restoration of natural ecological space and reasonable compensation. This is also an important goal of the reform. In response to the lack of ecological restoration planning, the lack of systemic and comprehensive restoration and the imperfect compensation system for ecological and environmental damage, the "Opinions" proposed the preparation and implementation of ecological restoration planning of national land space, the establishment of a sound system of restoration and comprehensive management mechanism of mountains, water, forests, fields, lakes and grass. Adhere to the principle of who destroys, who compensates, establish and improve the construction of the occupation of various natural ecological space and overburdened mineral compensation system, strict occupancy conditions, improve the compensation standard. Implement and improve the compensation system for ecological damage, the responsible person to assume responsibility for restoration or compensation. For those responsible